The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South), sentence 1

The Rat begs them to stay just this year; one swallow tells how she once tried staying, and the long sunless nights and the cold with «not an insect in an acre of it» nearly finished her, until she flew south through snowy mountain passes to the hot sun.

Who acts: Rat, one swallow, swallow, long sunless nights · What happens: beg, stay, tell, try, finish, fly · To what, where: them, swallow, snowy mountain passes · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rat, one swallow, swallow, long sunless nights), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Rat	det
2	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 begs	nsubj
3	begs	beg	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 begs	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 stay	mark
6	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 begs	xcomp
7	just	just	ADV	_	9 year	advmod
8	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	9 year	det
9	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 stay	obl:unmarked
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 tells	punct
11	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 swallow	nummod
12	swallow	swallow	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 tells	nsubj
13	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 begs	parataxis
14	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	17 tried	advmod
15	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 tried	nsubj
16	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	17 tried	advmod
17	tried	try	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 tells	ccomp
18	staying	stay	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 tried	xcomp
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 nights	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	40 finished	cc
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 nights	det
22	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 nights	amod
23	sunless	sunless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 nights	amod
24	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 finished	nsubj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 cold	cc
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 cold	det
27	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 nights	conj
28	with	with	ADP	_	32 insect	case
29	«	«	PUNCT	_	32 insect	punct
30	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	32 insect	advmod
31	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 insect	det
32	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 cold	obl
33	in	in	ADP	_	35 acre	case
34	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	35 acre	det
35	acre	acre	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 insect	nmod
36	of	of	ADP	_	37 it	case
37	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 acre	nmod
38	»	»	PUNCT	_	32 insect	punct
39	nearly	nearly	ADV	_	40 finished	advmod
40	finished	finish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 tried	conj
41	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	40 finished	obj
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 flew	punct
43	until	until	SCONJ	_	45 flew	mark
44	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	45 flew	nsubj
45	flew	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	40 finished	advcl
46	south	south	ADV	_	45 flew	advmod
47	through	through	ADP	_	49 mountain	case
48	snowy	snowy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	50 passes	amod
49	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	50 passes	compound
50	passes	pass	NOUN	Number=Plur	45 flew	obl
51	to	to	ADP	_	54 sun.	case
52	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	54 sun.	det
53	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	54 sun.	amod
54	sun.	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 flew	obl

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	beg speech: request	present	the Rat		them = they			vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic
2	stay not said to happen	to-infinitive	the Rat not said here			year		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	tell speech: assert	present	one swallow					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	try	past	swallow				once property	vn try-61.1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
5	stay not said to happen	gerund	swallow not said here					vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	finish	past	the long sunless nights and the cold	swallow			nearly property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality she=Eventuality
7	fly	past	swallow	snowy mountain passes			to the hot sun. result; south property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to sun=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:057-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows/1/