The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South), sentence 16

True science: swallows feed on flying insects, and in a British winter there are almost none, so swallows migrate to warm Africa every autumn and come back in spring.

Who acts: swallows · What happens: feed, fly, be, migrate, come back · To what, where: True science

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (swallows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	True	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 science	amod
2	science	science	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 migrate	obl
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 feed	punct
4	swallows	swallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 feed	nsubj
5	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 science	parataxis
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 insects	case
7	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 insects	amod
8	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 feed	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 swallows	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 swallows	cc
11	in	in	ADP	_	14 winter	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 winter	det
13	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 winter	amod
14	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 swallows	obl
15	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	16 are	expl
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 winter	cop
17	almost	almost	ADV	_	18 none	advmod
18	none	none	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 are	nsubj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 winter	punct
20	so	so	ADV	_	22 migrate	advmod
21	swallows	swallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 migrate	nsubj
22	migrate	migrate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
23	to	to	PART	_	24 warm	mark
24	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 Africa	amod
25	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 migrate	obl
26	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	27 autumn	det
27	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 migrate	obl:unmarked
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 come	cc
29	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 migrate	conj
30	back	back	ADV	_	29 come	advmod
31	in	in	ADP	_	32 spring	case
32	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 come	obl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 science	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	feed	present	swallows			on flying insects	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on insect=Patient
2	fly	gerund					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	present				in a British winter	tree rules
4	migrate	present	swallows	True science	autumn	warm Africa obl	tree rules
5	come back	infinitive	swallows not said here		spring		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:057-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows/16/