The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 4: The Further Adventures of Toad (the horse-pond, the chase and a face in the bank), sentence 32
He is cut off in the middle of «how very clev——» when he sees a chauffeur (a paid car driver) in leather gaiters and two large rural (country) policemen running after him, about two fields away.
Who acts: song, two large rural country policemen · What happens: cut off, see, pay, run · To what, where: song, middle, chauffeur, leather gaiters
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 4: The Further Adventures of Toad (the horse-pond, the chase and a face in the bank)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (song, two large rural country policemen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 cut | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 cut | aux:pass |
| 3 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | off | off | ADP | _ | 3 cut | compound:prt |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 middle | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 middle | det |
| 7 | middle | middle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cut | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 « | case |
| 9 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 12 clev | punct |
| 10 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 very | advmod |
| 11 | very | very | ADV | _ | 12 clev | advmod |
| 12 | clev | clev | X | Typo=Yes | 7 middle | nmod |
| 13 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 clev | punct |
| 14 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 clev | punct |
| 15 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 12 clev | punct |
| 16 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 sees | advmod |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 sees | nsubj |
| 18 | sees | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 cut | advcl |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 chauffeur | det |
| 20 | chauffeur | chauffeur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sees | obj |
| 21 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 25 driver | punct |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 driver | det |
| 23 | paid | pay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 driver | amod |
| 24 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 driver | compound |
| 25 | driver | driver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 chauffeur | appos |
| 26 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 25 driver | punct |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 gaiters | case |
| 28 | leather | leather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 gaiters | compound |
| 29 | gaiters | gaiter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 chauffeur | nmod |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 policemen | cc |
| 31 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 policemen | nummod |
| 32 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 policemen | amod |
| 33 | rural | rural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 policemen | amod |
| 34 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 35 country | punct |
| 35 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 policemen | compound |
| 36 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 35 country | punct |
| 37 | policemen | policeman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 chauffeur | conj |
| 38 | running | run | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 37 policemen | acl |
| 39 | after | after | ADP | _ | 40 him | case |
| 40 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 running | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 fields | punct |
| 42 | about | about | ADV | _ | 43 two | advmod |
| 43 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 44 fields | nummod |
| 44 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 away | obl:unmarked |
| 45 | away | away | ADV | _ | 38 running | advmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 cut | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cut off | present · passive | song | the middle clev | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | see | present | song | a chauffeur and two large rural country policemen | leather gaiters | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer chauffeur=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | pay | participle | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | run | gerund | two large rural country policemen not said here | after song | away property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:064-willows-ch10-part4-into-the-horse-pond.lesson:32.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/64-willows-ch10-part4-into-the-horse-pond/32/