The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 3: «Like Summer Tempests Came His Tears» (loyal friends, cold pie and «Be quiet at once!»), sentence 40
Badger: «We're going to let bygones be bygones, and try and turn over a new leaf.» (let bygones be bygones = forget past quarrels; turn over a new leaf = start behaving better)
Who acts: We, bygones, past quarrels · What happens: go, let, be, try, turn over, forget · To what, where: bygones, new leaf, past quarrels · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 3: «Like Summer Tempests Came His Tears» (loyal friends, cold pie and «Be quiet at once!»)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, bygones, past quarrels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Badger | badger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 going | dep |
| 2 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 going | punct |
| 3 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 6 going | punct |
| 4 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 going | nsubj |
| 5 | 're | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 going | aux |
| 6 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 let | mark |
| 8 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 going | xcomp |
| 9 | bygones | bygone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 let | obj |
| 10 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 11 bygones | cop |
| 11 | bygones | bygone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 let | xcomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 try | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 try | cc |
| 14 | try | try | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 6 going | parataxis |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 turn | cc |
| 16 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 try | conj |
| 17 | over | over | ADP | _ | 16 turn | compound:prt |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 leaf | det |
| 19 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 leaf | amod |
| 20 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 turn | obj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 turn | punct |
| 22 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 6 going | punct |
| 23 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 24 let | punct |
| 24 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 going | parataxis |
| 25 | bygones | bygone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 let | obj |
| 26 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 27 bygones | cop |
| 27 | bygones | bygone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 going | xcomp |
| 28 | = | = | SYM | _ | 6 going | punct |
| 29 | forget | forget | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 24 let | parataxis |
| 30 | past | past | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 quarrels | amod |
| 31 | quarrels | quarrel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 forget | obj |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 turn | punct |
| 33 | turn | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 quarrels | acl |
| 34 | over | over | ADP | _ | 33 turn | compound:prt |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 leaf | det |
| 36 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 leaf | amod |
| 37 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 turn | obj |
| 38 | = | = | PUNCT | _ | 24 let | punct |
| 39 | start | start | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 behaving | compound |
| 40 | behaving | behave | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 41 better | xcomp |
| 41 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 24 let | parataxis |
| 42 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 41 better | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go in a quote | present · progressive | We | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | let in a quote | to-infinitive | We not said here | bygones | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bygone=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | infinitive | bygones not said here | bygones | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | try in a quote | infinitive | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 5 | turn over in a quote | infinitive | a new leaf | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme | |||||
| 6 | let | infinitive | bygones | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bygone=Theme | |||||
| 7 | is a | infinitive | We not said here | bygones | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | forget | infinitive | past quarrels | tree rules | |||||
| 9 | turn over | participle | past quarrels not said here | a new leaf | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme | ||||
| 10 | behave | gerund | bygones not said here | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:067-willows-ch11-part3-badger-and-mole-come-home.lesson:40.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/67-willows-ch11-part3-badger-and-mole-come-home/40/