Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 1: How the Whale got his Throat, sentence 4

But on the way the clever sailor has cut his raft into a criss-cross grating, tied it with his braces and jammed it in the Whale's throat; ever since, whales can only swallow very, very small food.

Who acts: clever sailor, whales · What happens: cut, tie, jam, swallow · To what, where: raft, way, throat, small food

This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 1: How the Whale got his Throat» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (clever sailor, whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	But	but	CCONJ	_	9 cut	cc
2	on	on	ADP	_	4 way	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 way	det
4	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cut	obl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sailor	det
6	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sailor	amod
7	sailor	sailor	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cut	nsubj
8	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 cut	aux
9	cut	cut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 raft	nmod:poss
11	raft	raft	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cut	obj
12	into	into	ADP	_	17 grating	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 grating	det
14	criss	criss	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 cross	compound
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 criss	punct
16	cross	cross	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 grating	compound
17	grating	grating	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cut	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 tied	punct
19	tied	tie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 cut	parataxis
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 tied	obj
21	with	with	ADP	_	23 braces	case
22	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 braces	nmod:poss
23	braces	brace	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 tied	obl
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 jammed	cc
25	jammed	jam	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 tied	conj
26	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 jammed	obj
27	in	in	ADP	_	31 throat	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 Whale	det
29	Whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 throat	nmod:poss
30	's	's	PART	_	29 Whale	case
31	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 jammed	obl
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 ever	punct
33	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	34 since	advmod
34	since	since	ADV	_	39 swallow	advmod
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 since	punct
36	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 swallow	nsubj
37	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	39 swallow	aux
38	only	only	ADV	_	39 swallow	advmod
39	swallow	swallow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 cut	advcl
40	very	very	ADV	_	39 swallow	advmod
41	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 food	punct
42	very	very	ADV	_	43 small	advmod
43	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	44 food	amod
44	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 swallow	obj
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 cut	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	cut	present · perfect	the clever sailor	sailor's raft	the way	into a cross grating	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent raft=Material into grating=Product
2	tie	past		way		with sailor's braces	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient with brace=Co-Patient
3	jam	past		way	the Whale's throat		vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme in throat=Destination
4	swallow	can	whales	small food		since property	vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:074-justso-whale-throat.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/74-justso-whale-throat/4/