Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 3: How the Rhinoceros got his Skin, sentence 12
"Five weeks later, there was a heat wave in the Red Sea", and "everybody took off all the clothes they had": the Parsee took off his hat (it was all he wore), but the Rhino took off his skin, which "buttoned underneath with three buttons and looked like a waterproof" (a raincoat); then he went into the sea, blowing bubbles through his nose.
Who acts: heat wave, everybody, clothes, Parsee, Rhino, skin · What happens: be, take off, have, wear, button, look · To what, where: clothes, hat, skin, sea, bubbles, nose · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 3: How the Rhinoceros got his Skin» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heat wave, everybody, clothes, Parsee), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 was | punct |
| 2 | Five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 weeks | nummod |
| 3 | weeks | week | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 later | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 7 was | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 later | punct |
| 6 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 7 was | expl |
| 7 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 wave | det |
| 9 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 wave | compound |
| 10 | wave | wave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 was | nsubj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 Sea | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Sea | det |
| 13 | Red | Red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 Sea | amod |
| 14 | Sea | Sea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 wave | nmod |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 was | punct |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 took | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 took | cc |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 took | punct |
| 19 | everybody | everybody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 20 took | nsubj |
| 20 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 was | conj |
| 21 | off | off | ADP | _ | 20 took | compound:prt |
| 22 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 24 clothes | det:predet |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 clothes | det |
| 24 | clothes | clothes | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 20 took | obj |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 had | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 clothes | acl:relcl |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 took | punct |
| 28 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 31 took | punct |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 Parsee | det |
| 30 | Parsee | parsee | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 took | nsubj |
| 31 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 took | parataxis |
| 32 | off | off | ADP | _ | 31 took | compound:prt |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 hat | nmod:poss |
| 34 | hat | hat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 took | obj |
| 35 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 38 all | punct |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 all | nsubj |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 all | cop |
| 38 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 31 took | parataxis |
| 39 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 wore | nsubj |
| 40 | wore | wear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 all | acl:relcl |
| 41 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 38 all | punct |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 took | punct |
| 43 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 took | cc |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 Rhino | det |
| 45 | Rhino | Rhino | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 took | nsubj |
| 46 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 took | parataxis |
| 47 | off | off | ADP | _ | 46 took | compound:prt |
| 48 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 skin | nmod:poss |
| 49 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 took | obj |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 buttoned | punct |
| 51 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 53 buttoned | nsubj |
| 52 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 53 buttoned | punct |
| 53 | buttoned | button | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 skin | acl:relcl |
| 54 | underneath | underneath | ADV | _ | 53 buttoned | advmod |
| 55 | with | with | ADP | _ | 57 buttons | case |
| 56 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 57 buttons | nummod |
| 57 | buttons | button | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 buttoned | obl |
| 58 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 59 looked | cc |
| 59 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 53 buttoned | conj |
| 60 | like | like | ADP | _ | 62 waterproof | case |
| 61 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 62 waterproof | det |
| 62 | waterproof | waterproof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 looked | obl |
| 63 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 62 waterproof | punct |
| 64 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 66 raincoat | punct |
| 65 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 66 raincoat | det |
| 66 | raincoat | raincoat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 waterproof | appos |
| 67 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 66 raincoat | punct |
| 68 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 71 went | punct |
| 69 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 71 went | advmod |
| 70 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 71 went | nsubj |
| 71 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 took | conj |
| 72 | into | into | ADP | _ | 74 sea | case |
| 73 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 74 sea | det |
| 74 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 went | obl |
| 75 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 77 bubbles | punct |
| 76 | blowing | blowing | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 71 went | advcl |
| 77 | bubbles | bubble | NOUN | Number=Plur | 76 blowing | obj |
| 78 | through | through | ADP | _ | 80 nose | case |
| 79 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 80 nose | nmod:poss |
| 80 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 76 blowing | obl |
| 81 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 was | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be in a quote | past | a heat wave in the Red Sea | there | late property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | take off in a quote | past | everybody | all clothes | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | have in a quote | past | clothes | all clothes not said here | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clothes=Patient | ||||
| 4 | take off | past | the Parsee | Parsee's hat | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hat=Theme | ||||
| 5 | wear | past | Parsee | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | take off | past | the Rhino | Parsee's skin | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Theme | ||||
| 7 | button in a quote | past | Parsee's skin | with three buttons; underneath property | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with button=Instrument | ||||
| 8 | look in a quote | past | Parsee's skin not said here | like a waterproof | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 9 | go | past | Parsee | the sea | then | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into sea=Initial_Location | |||
| 10 | blowing | gerund | Parsee not said here | bubbles | Parsee's nose | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:076-justso-rhinoceros-skin.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×5, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/76-justso-rhinoceros-skin/12/