Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got his Spots, part 1 (the game goes into the forest), sentence 14

The hunter asks "the present habitat of the aboriginal Fauna", which means "where the wild animals of this land live now" ("aboriginal" here = there from the beginning, "fauna" = animals, "flora" = plants); the book says he always used long words because he was a grown-up.

Who acts: hunter, aboriginal Fauna, wild animals, book · What happens: ask, mean, live, say, use, be · To what, where: present habitat, animals, beginning, long words, grown · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got his Spots, part 1 (the game goes into the forest)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hunter, aboriginal Fauna, wild animals, book), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 hunter	det
2	hunter	hunter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 asks	nsubj
3	asks	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 habitat	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 habitat	det
6	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 habitat	amod
7	habitat	habitat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 asks	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 Fauna	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Fauna	det
10	aboriginal	aboriginal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 Fauna	amod
11	Fauna	fauna	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 habitat	nmod
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 Fauna	punct
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 means	punct
14	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 means	nsubj
15	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 Fauna	acl:relcl
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	24 live	punct
17	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	24 live	advmod
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 animals	det
19	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 animals	amod
20	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 live	nsubj
21	of	of	ADP	_	23 land	case
22	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	23 land	det
23	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 animals	nmod
24	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 means	ccomp
25	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	24 live	advmod
26	"	"	PUNCT	_	29 aboriginal	punct
27	(	(	PUNCT	_	29 aboriginal	punct
28	"	"	PUNCT	_	29 aboriginal	punct
29	aboriginal	aboriginal	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 now	parataxis
30	"	"	PUNCT	_	29 aboriginal	punct
31	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	24 live	advmod
32	=	=	PUNCT	_	3 asks	punct
33	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	3 asks	expl
34	from	from	ADP	_	36 beginning	case
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 beginning	det
36	beginning	beginning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 asks	obl
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 fauna	punct
38	"	"	PUNCT	_	39 fauna	punct
39	fauna	fauna	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 beginning	appos
40	"	"	PUNCT	_	39 fauna	punct
41	=	=	PUNCT	_	42 animals	punct
42	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 asks	obj
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 flora	punct
44	"	"	PUNCT	_	45 flora	punct
45	flora	flora	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 animals	nmod
46	"	"	PUNCT	_	45 flora	punct
47	=	=	PUNCT	_	48 plants	punct
48	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 animals	appos
49	)	)	PUNCT	_	48 plants	punct
50	;	;	PUNCT	_	53 says	punct
51	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	52 book	det
52	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	53 says	nsubj
53	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 asks	parataxis
54	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	56 used	nsubj
55	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	56 used	advmod
56	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	53 says	ccomp
57	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	58 words	amod
58	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	56 used	obj
59	because	because	SCONJ	_	63 grown	mark
60	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	63 grown	nsubj
61	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	63 grown	cop
62	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	65 up	det
63	grown	grow	NOUN	Number=Sing	56 used	advcl
64	-	-	PUNCT	_	65 up	punct
65	up	up	ADP	_	63 grown	compound
66	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 asks	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	present	the hunter	the present habitat of the aboriginal Fauna	animals flora	there	from the beginning		tree rules
2	mean	present	the aboriginal Fauna						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	live in a quote	present	the wild animals of this land			here	now		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	say speech: assert	present	the book						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	use	past	hunter	long words				always property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient
6	is a	past	hunter	grown					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:077-justso-leopard-spots-1.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/77-justso-leopard-spots-1/14/