Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child, part 1 (What does the Crocodile have for dinner?), sentence 8
In old stories grown-ups spank children all the time; today we know that hitting children is wrong, and Kipling makes it silly on purpose.
Who acts: grown ups, we, hitting, Kipling · What happens: grow, spank, know, hit, be, make · To what, where: children, old stories, skin, purpose · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child, part 1 (What does the Crocodile have for dinner?)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grown ups, we, hitting, Kipling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 stories | case |
| 2 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 stories | amod |
| 3 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 spank | obl |
| 4 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 ups | amod |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 ups | punct |
| 6 | ups | up | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 spank | nsubj |
| 7 | spank | spank | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 spank | obj |
| 9 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 time | det:predet |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 time | det |
| 11 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 spank | obl:unmarked |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 7 spank | punct |
| 13 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 know | obl |
| 14 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 know | nsubj |
| 15 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 spank | parataxis |
| 16 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 wrong | mark |
| 17 | hitting | hit | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 wrong | csubj |
| 18 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 hitting | obj |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 wrong | cop |
| 20 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 know | ccomp |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 makes | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 makes | cc |
| 23 | Kipling | Kipling | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 makes | nsubj |
| 24 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 know | conj |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 makes | obj |
| 26 | silly | silly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 makes | xcomp |
| 27 | on | on | ADP | _ | 28 purpose | case |
| 28 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 makes | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 spank | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | participle | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | spank | present | grown ups | children | old stories | time | vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent child=Patient in story=Location | ||
| 3 | know | present | we | today | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | hit | gerund | children | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme child=Co-Theme | |||||
| 5 | is | present | hitting | wrong property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | make | present | Kipling | skin | purpose | silly property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:079-justso-elephants-child-1.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/79-justso-elephants-child-1/8/