Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child, part 2 (the tug-of-war and the trunk), sentence 11
He waited three days for it to shrink, but "it never grew any shorter, and, besides, it made him squint"; it was "a really truly trunk same as all Elephants have to-day".
Who acts: Snake, plop, Elephants · What happens: wait, shrink, not grow, make, squint, be · To what, where: shorter, Snake · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child, part 2 (the tug-of-war and the trunk)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Snake, plop, Elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 waited | nsubj |
| 2 | waited | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 days | nummod |
| 4 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 waited | obl |
| 5 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 8 shrink | mark |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 shrink | nsubj |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 shrink | mark |
| 8 | shrink | shrink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 waited | advcl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 grew | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 grew | cc |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 grew | punct |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 grew | nsubj |
| 13 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 14 grew | advmod |
| 14 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 waited | conj |
| 15 | any | any | ADV | _ | 16 shorter | advmod |
| 16 | shorter | shorter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 grew | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 made | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 made | cc |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 and | punct |
| 20 | besides | besides | INTJ | _ | 23 made | discourse |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 besides | punct |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 made | nsubj |
| 23 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 grew | conj |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 made | obj |
| 25 | squint | squint | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 made | xcomp |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 squint | punct |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 same | punct |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 same | nsubj |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 same | cop |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 same | punct |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 trunk | det |
| 32 | really | really | ADV | _ | 33 truly | advmod |
| 33 | truly | truly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 trunk | amod |
| 34 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 same | nsubj |
| 35 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 waited | parataxis |
| 36 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 39 have | mark |
| 37 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 38 Elephants | det |
| 38 | Elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 have | nsubj |
| 39 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 same | advcl |
| 40 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 day | mark |
| 41 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 40 to | punct |
| 42 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 have | obj |
| 43 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 same | punct |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 waited | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wait | past | Snake | day | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | shrink | to-infinitive | plop | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | not grow in a quote | past | plop | shorter | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location shorter=Theme | ||||
| 4 | make in a quote | past | plop | Snake | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | squint in a quote | infinitive | Snake not said here | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | is in a quote | past | plop | same property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | have in a quote | present | all Elephants | day | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:080-justso-elephants-child-2.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/80-justso-elephants-child-2/11/