Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 6: The Sing-Song of Old Man Kangaroo, sentence 18
Real biology: kangaroos are marsupials, carrying their babies (joeys) in a pouch; their long back legs have springy tendons that store energy, so hopping is a very cheap way to travel far.
Who acts: kangaroos, long back legs, springy tendons, hopping · What happens: be, carry, have, store, travel · To what, where: marsupials, pouch, springy tendons, energy, cheap way
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 6: The Sing-Song of Old Man Kangaroo» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kangaroos, long back legs, springy tendons, hopping), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 biology | amod |
| 2 | biology | biology | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 marsupials | punct |
| 4 | kangaroos | kangaroo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 marsupials | nsubj |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 marsupials | cop |
| 6 | marsupials | marsupial | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 biology | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 babies | punct |
| 8 | carrying | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 babies | amod |
| 9 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 babies | nmod:poss |
| 10 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 marsupials | nmod |
| 11 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 12 joeys | punct |
| 12 | joeys | joey | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 babies | appos |
| 13 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 joeys | punct |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 pouch | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 pouch | det |
| 16 | pouch | pouch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 marsupials | nmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 have | punct |
| 18 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 legs | nmod:poss |
| 19 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 legs | amod |
| 20 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 legs | compound |
| 21 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 have | nsubj |
| 22 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 biology | conj |
| 23 | springy | springy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 tendons | amod |
| 24 | tendons | tendon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 have | obj |
| 25 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 store | nsubj |
| 26 | store | store | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 tendons | acl:relcl |
| 27 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 store | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 way | punct |
| 29 | so | so | ADV | _ | 35 way | advmod |
| 30 | hopping | hopping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 way | nsubj |
| 31 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 way | cop |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 way | det |
| 33 | very | very | ADV | _ | 34 cheap | advmod |
| 34 | cheap | cheap | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 way | amod |
| 35 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 biology | conj |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 travel | mark |
| 37 | travel | travel | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 way | acl |
| 38 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 37 travel | advmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 biology | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | kangaroos | marsupials | a pouch | legs's carrying babies nmod | tree rules | ||
| 2 | carry | gerund | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | have | present | legs's long back legs | springy tendons | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tendon=Patient | ||||
| 4 | store | present | springy tendons | energy | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | hopping | a cheap way | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | travel | to-infinitive | far property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:081-justso-old-man-kangaroo.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/81-justso-old-man-kangaroo/18/