Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 3: «a great invention» and the road on Merrow Down, sentence 6
The Head Chief says Taffy has made a great invention which men will one day call writing, though pictures are not always understood.
Who acts: Head Chief, Taffy, men · What happens: say, make, call, not understand · To what, where: great invention, pictures · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 3: «a great invention» and the road on Merrow Down» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Head Chief, Taffy, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Chief | det |
| 2 | Head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 Chief | compound |
| 3 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 says | nsubj |
| 4 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | Taffy | Taffy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 made | nsubj |
| 6 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 made | aux |
| 7 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 says | ccomp |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 invention | det |
| 9 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 invention | amod |
| 10 | invention | invention | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 made | obj |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 call | obj |
| 12 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 call | nsubj |
| 13 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 call | aux |
| 14 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 day | nummod |
| 15 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 call | obl:unmarked |
| 16 | call | call | VERB | Number=Sing | 10 invention | acl:relcl |
| 17 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 call | xcomp |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 understood | punct |
| 19 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 24 understood | mark |
| 20 | pictures | picture | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 understood | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 understood | aux:pass |
| 22 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 understood | advmod |
| 23 | always | always | ADV | _ | 24 understood | advmod |
| 24 | understood | understand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 made | conj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 says | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | the Head Chief | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | make | present · perfect | Taffy | a great invention | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent invention=Product | ||||
| 3 | call | future | men | a great invention | day | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent which=Recipient | |||
| 4 | not understand | present · passive | pictures | always property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:086-justso-first-letter-3-a-great-invention.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/86-justso-first-letter-3-a-great-invention/6/