Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, part 3: «the Alphabet, all complete», and how letters really began, sentence 12
«Las» means ending, breaking or finishing; «to-las» means no water in the tank for Mummy, and «shi-las» means the spear is broken.
Who acts: Las, to las · What happens: mean, end, break, finish · To what, where: water, spear · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, part 3: «the Alphabet, all complete», and how letters really began» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Las, to las), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 2 Las | punct |
| 2 | Las | Las | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 means | nsubj |
| 3 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 2 Las | punct |
| 4 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | ending | end | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 means | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 breaking | punct |
| 7 | breaking | break | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 ending | conj |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 finishing | cc |
| 9 | finishing | finish | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 breaking | conj |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 means | punct |
| 11 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 14 las | punct |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 las | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 to | punct |
| 14 | las | la | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 means | nsubj |
| 15 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 14 las | punct |
| 16 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 means | parataxis |
| 17 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 18 water | det |
| 18 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 means | obj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 tank | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 tank | det |
| 21 | tank | tank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 water | nmod |
| 22 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 Mummy | case |
| 23 | Mummy | Mummy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 tank | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 las | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 las | cc |
| 26 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 27 shi | punct |
| 27 | shi | shi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 las | compound |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 las | punct |
| 29 | las | la | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 tank | conj |
| 30 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 29 las | punct |
| 31 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 means | parataxis |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 spear | det |
| 33 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 broken | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 broken | aux:pass |
| 35 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 means | ccomp |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | Las | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | end | gerund | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||||
| 3 | break | gerund | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | finish | gerund | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||||
| 5 | mean | present | to las | no water | in the tank for Mummy and shi las | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot water=Theme in tank=Attribute | |||
| 6 | mean | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 7 | break | present · passive | the spear | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:089-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/89-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete/12/