Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, part 3: «the Alphabet, all complete», and how letters really began, sentence 15
The rrr-sound is «all rough and edgy, like your shark-tooth saw»; Tegumai draws one tooth only: «the easier we make our sound-pictures the better for everybody».
Who acts: rrr sound, Tegumai, we · What happens: be, draw, make · To what, where: one tooth, sound pictures · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, part 3: «the Alphabet, all complete», and how letters really began» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rrr sound, Tegumai, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 sound | det |
| 2 | rrr | rrr | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sound | compound |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 rrr | punct |
| 4 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 rough | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 rough | cop |
| 6 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 8 rough | punct |
| 7 | all | all | ADV | _ | 8 rough | advmod |
| 8 | rough | rough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 edgy | cc |
| 10 | edgy | edgy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 rough | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 saw | punct |
| 12 | like | like | ADP | _ | 17 saw | case |
| 13 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 saw | nmod:poss |
| 14 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 tooth | compound |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 shark | punct |
| 16 | tooth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 saw | compound |
| 17 | saw | saw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 rough | obl |
| 18 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 8 rough | punct |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 rough | punct |
| 20 | Tegumai | Tegumai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 draws | nsubj |
| 21 | draws | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 rough | parataxis |
| 22 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 tooth | nummod |
| 23 | tooth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 draws | obj |
| 24 | only | only | ADV | _ | 23 tooth | advmod |
| 25 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 draws | punct |
| 26 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 36 better | punct |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 easier | det |
| 28 | easier | easy | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 30 make | advmod |
| 29 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 make | nsubj |
| 30 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 better | advcl |
| 31 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 pictures | nmod:poss |
| 32 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 pictures | compound |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 sound | punct |
| 34 | pictures | picture | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 make | obj |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 better | det |
| 36 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 21 draws | parataxis |
| 37 | for | for | ADP | _ | 38 everybody | case |
| 38 | everybody | everybody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 36 better | obl |
| 39 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 21 draws | punct |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 rough | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | the rrr sound | like your tooth saw; all, rough property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be in a quote | the rrr sound not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | draw | present | Tegumai | one tooth | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | make in a quote | present | we | our sound pictures | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:089-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/89-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete/15/