Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate, sentence 17

chī le ma? («CHR luh mah», the ch with the tongue curled back) means «have you eaten?»; grandparents and neighbours use it as a greeting, and the polite answer is chī le, nǐ ne? (I have, and you?); answer «no» and a granny may well start cooking for you.

Who acts: chī le ma, you, grandparents, polite answer, I, granny · What happens: curl back, mean, eat, use, be, have · To what, where: tongue, ma, chī le, no · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chī le ma, you, grandparents, polite answer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	chī	chī	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ma	compound
2	le	le	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ma	compound
3	ma	ma	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 means	nsubj
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 ma	punct
5	(	(	PUNCT	_	7 CHR	punct
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 CHR	punct
7	CHR	CHR	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ma	nmod
8	luh	luh	INTJ	_	7 CHR	discourse
9	mah	mah	INTJ	_	8 luh	discourse
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 luh	punct
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 ch	punct
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 ch	det
13	ch	ch	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 CHR	appos
14	with	with	ADP	_	16 tongue	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 tongue	det
16	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ch	nmod
17	curled	curl	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 tongue	acl
18	back	back	ADV	_	17 curled	advmod
19	)	)	PUNCT	_	17 curled	punct
20	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
21	«	«	PUNCT	_	24 eaten	punct
22	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 eaten	aux
23	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	24 eaten	nsubj
24	eaten	eat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	20 means	ccomp
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	22 have	punct
26	»	»	PUNCT	_	24 eaten	punct
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	28 grandparents	punct
28	grandparents	grandparent	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 use	nsubj
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 neighbours	cc
30	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 grandparents	conj
31	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 means	parataxis
32	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 use	obj
33	as	as	ADP	_	35 greeting	case
34	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	35 greeting	det
35	greeting	greeting	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 use	obl
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 le	punct
37	and	and	CCONJ	_	43 le	cc
38	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 answer	det
39	polite	polite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 answer	amod
40	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 le	nsubj
41	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	43 le	cop
42	chī	chī	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 le	amod
43	le	le	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 use	parataxis
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 ne	punct
45	nǐ	nǐ	ADJ	Degree=Pos	46 ne	amod
46	ne	ne	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 le	conj
47	?	?	PUNCT	_	43 le	punct
48	(	(	PUNCT	_	50 have	punct
49	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	50 have	nsubj
50	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 use	parataxis
51	,	,	PUNCT	_	53 you	punct
52	and	and	CCONJ	_	53 you	cc
53	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	50 have	conj
54	?	?	PUNCT	_	53 you	punct
55	)	)	PUNCT	_	50 have	punct
56	;	;	PUNCT	_	57 answer	punct
57	answer	answer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 means	conj
58	«	«	PUNCT	_	59 no	punct
59	no	no	NOUN	_	57 answer	obj
60	»	»	PUNCT	_	59 no	punct
61	and	and	CCONJ	_	66 start	cc
62	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	63 granny	det
63	granny	granny	NOUN	Number=Sing	66 start	nsubj
64	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	66 start	aux
65	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	66 start	advmod
66	start	start	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	57 answer	conj
67	cooking	cook	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	66 start	xcomp
68	for	for	ADP	_	69 you	case
69	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	67 cooking	obl
70	.	.	PUNCT	_	20 means	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	curl back	participle		the tongue not said here		vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme
2	mean	present	chī le ma CHR			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	eat in a quote	present · perfect	you			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	use	present	grandparents and neighbours	ma	as a greeting	vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent it=Duration as greeting=Attribute
5	is a	present	the polite answer	chī le and nǐ ne		tree rules
6	have	present	I			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
7	answer speech: assert	infinitive	chī le ma CHR not said here	no		vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent no=Eventuality
8	start	may	a granny		well property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
9	cook	gerund	a granny not said here		for you	vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for you=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:001-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/1-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate/17/