The body, sentence 10
"yá" (rising) means tooth or teeth; "wǒ diào yá le!" is "my tooth fell out!"; in some Chinese families a lost bottom tooth is thrown onto the roof, not left for a fairy.
Who acts: yá, tooth, Chinese families · What happens: mean, be, lose, throw, not leave · To what, where: tooth, lost bottom tooth, roof · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The body» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (yá, tooth, Chinese families), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 yá | punct |
| 2 | yá | yá | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 means | nsubj |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 yá | punct |
| 4 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 5 rising | punct |
| 5 | rising | rising | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 yá | appos |
| 6 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 5 rising | punct |
| 7 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | tooth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 means | obj |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 teeth | cc |
| 10 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 tooth | conj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 le | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 ; | punct |
| 13 | wǒ | wǒ | X | Foreign=Yes | 16 le | amod |
| 14 | diào | diào | X | Foreign=Yes | 13 wǒ | flat |
| 15 | yá | yá | X | Foreign=Yes | 13 wǒ | flat |
| 16 | le | le | X | Foreign=Yes | 23 fell | dislocated |
| 17 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 16 le | punct |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 le | punct |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 fell | cop |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 fell | punct |
| 21 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 tooth | nmod:poss |
| 22 | tooth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 fell | nsubj |
| 23 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 means | conj |
| 24 | out | out | ADP | _ | 23 fell | compound:prt |
| 25 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 7 means | punct |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 means | punct |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 families | punct |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 families | case |
| 29 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 31 families | det |
| 30 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 families | amod |
| 31 | families | family | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 means | obl |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 tooth | det |
| 33 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 tooth | amod |
| 34 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 tooth | compound |
| 35 | tooth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 thrown | nsubj:pass |
| 36 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 thrown | aux:pass |
| 37 | thrown | throw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 families | acl:relcl |
| 38 | onto | onto | ADP | _ | 40 roof | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 roof | det |
| 40 | roof | roof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 thrown | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 left | punct |
| 42 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 43 left | advmod |
| 43 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 37 thrown | conj |
| 44 | for | for | ADP | _ | 46 fairy | case |
| 45 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 fairy | det |
| 46 | fairy | fairy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 left | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | yá | tooth or teeth | in some Chinese families | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot tooth=Theme in family=Attribute | |||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | my tooth | wǒ le dislocated; fall property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | lose | participle | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | throw | present · passive | some Chinese families not said here | a lost bottom tooth | the roof | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme onto roof=Destination | |||
| 5 | not leave | participle | some Chinese families not said here | for a fairy | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent for fairy=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:018-the-body.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/18-the-body/10/