The four tones: same sound, different meaning, sentence 6

mā («mah» sung high and level) is the first tone, as in māma (mum); keep it high and don't let it fall.

Who acts: mā, māma · What happens: sing, be, keep, not let, fall · To what, where: mā, first tone, māma

This is a sentence of the lesson «The four tones: same sound, different meaning» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mā, māma), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	mā	mā	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 tone	nsubj
2	(	(	PUNCT	_	4 mah	punct
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 mah	punct
4	mah	mah	INTJ	_	6 sung	discourse
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 mah	punct
6	sung	sing	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	1 mā	acl
7	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 sung	xcomp
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 level	cc
9	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 high	conj
10	)	)	PUNCT	_	7 high	punct
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 tone	cop
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 tone	det
13	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	14 tone	amod
14	tone	tone	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 māma	punct
16	as	as	ADP	_	18 māma	case
17	in	in	ADP	_	18 māma	case
18	māma	māma	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 tone	conj
19	(	(	PUNCT	_	20 mum	punct
20	mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 māma	appos
21	)	)	PUNCT	_	20 mum	punct
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 keep	punct
23	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	14 tone	parataxis
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 keep	obj
25	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 keep	xcomp
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 let	cc
27	do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	29 let	aux
28	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	29 let	advmod
29	let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	23 keep	conj
30	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 let	obj
31	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 let	xcomp
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 tone	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	participle		mā not said here	high property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a	present	mā	the first tone and māma		tree rules
3	keep	infinitive		māma	high property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
4	not let	infinitive · do-support		māma		tree rules
5	fall	infinitive	māma not said here			vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:002-the-four-tones.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/2-the-four-tones/6/