Weather and what Granny says to wear, sentence 2
Tones turn weather into other things: yǔ (rain) dips but yú (fish) rises; xuě (snow) dips but xué (study) rises; lěng (cold) dips but lèng falls and means dazed.
Who acts: Tones, yǔ · What happens: turn, rise, lěng, lèng, fall, mean · To what, where: weather, other things, cold dips
This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather and what Granny says to wear» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tones, yǔ), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tones | tone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 turn | nsubj |
| 2 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | weather | weather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 turn | obj |
| 4 | into | into | ADP | _ | 6 things | case |
| 5 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 things | amod |
| 6 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 turn | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 yǔ | punct |
| 8 | yǔ | yǔ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 rises | nsubj |
| 9 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 10 rain | punct |
| 10 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 dips | compound |
| 11 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 10 rain | punct |
| 12 | dips | dip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 yǔ | nmod:unmarked |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 yú | cc |
| 14 | yú | yú | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 yǔ | conj |
| 15 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 16 fish | punct |
| 16 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 rises | compound |
| 17 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 16 fish | punct |
| 18 | rises | rise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 things | acl:relcl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 xuě | punct |
| 20 | xuě | xuě | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 dips | compound |
| 21 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 22 snow | punct |
| 22 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 xuě | appos |
| 23 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 22 snow | punct |
| 24 | dips | dip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 rises | conj |
| 25 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 xué | cc |
| 26 | xué | xué | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 rises | compound |
| 27 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 28 study | punct |
| 28 | study | study | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 xué | appos |
| 29 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 28 study | punct |
| 30 | rises | rise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 rises | conj |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 lěng | punct |
| 32 | lěng | lěng | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 turn | parataxis |
| 33 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 34 cold | punct |
| 34 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 dips | amod |
| 35 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 34 cold | punct |
| 36 | dips | dip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 lěng | obj |
| 37 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 38 lèng | cc |
| 38 | lèng | lèng | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 lěng | conj |
| 39 | falls | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 turn | conj |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 means | cc |
| 41 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 falls | ccomp |
| 42 | dazed | daze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 means | xcomp |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 turn | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | present | Tones | weather | other things | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent weather=Theme into thing=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | rise | yǔ rain dips but yú | other things not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | lěng | gerund | cold dips | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | lèng | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | fall | present | Tones not said here | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | mean | present | Tones not said here | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | daze not said to happen | participle | Tones not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:020-weather-and-what-granny-says-to-wear.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/20-weather-and-what-granny-says-to-wear/2/