Friendly teasing — when it's fun and when it stings, sentence 10
"àikūguǐ" means crybaby, literally "loves-crying ghost"; it stings, because a friend who cries needs help, not a name.
Who acts: àikūguǐ, ghost, friend · What happens: mean, love, cry, sting, need · To what, where: crybaby, ghost, help · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Friendly teasing — when it's fun and when it stings» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (àikūguǐ, ghost, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 àikūguǐ | punct |
| 2 | àikūguǐ | àikūguǐ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 means | nsubj |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 àikūguǐ | punct |
| 4 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | crybaby | crybaby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 means | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 loves | punct |
| 7 | literally | literally | ADV | _ | 9 loves | advmod |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 literally | punct |
| 9 | loves | love | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 means | conj |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 crying | punct |
| 11 | crying | cry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 loves | advcl |
| 12 | ghost | ghost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 crying | obj |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 ghost | punct |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 stings | punct |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 stings | nsubj |
| 16 | stings | sting | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 means | parataxis |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 needs | punct |
| 18 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 23 needs | mark |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 friend | det |
| 20 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 needs | nsubj |
| 21 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 cries | nsubj |
| 22 | cries | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 friend | acl:relcl |
| 23 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 stings | advcl |
| 24 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 needs | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 name | punct |
| 26 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 name | advmod |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 name | det |
| 28 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 help | appos |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | àikūguǐ | crybaby | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crybaby=Topic | ||||
| 2 | love in a quote | present | àikūguǐ not said here | literally property | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | cry speech: express in a quote | gerund | àikūguǐ not said here | ghost | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ghost=Topic | ||||
| 4 | sting | present | ghost | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | cry speech: express | present | a friend | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | need | present | a friend | help | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot help=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:023-friendly-teasing.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/23-friendly-teasing/10/