Sounds and letters: how phonics starts, sentence 13
Mum in London and Mom in Texas spell that word their own country's way; a girl who speaks Arabic at home learns English sounds on top; Grandad in Glasgow, who learned whole words by their shape, can still help by reading stories aloud.
Who acts: Mum, girl, Grandad · What happens: spell, speak, learn, help, read · To what, where: word, Arabic, home, English sounds, top, whole words · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sounds and letters: how phonics starts» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mum, girl, Grandad), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mum | mum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 spell | nsubj |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 London | case |
| 3 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Mum | nmod |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 Mom | cc |
| 5 | Mom | Mom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Mum | conj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 Texas | case |
| 7 | Texas | Texas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Mom | nmod |
| 8 | spell | spell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | that | that | DET | PronType=Dem | 10 word | det |
| 10 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 spell | obj |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 country | nmod:poss |
| 12 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 country | amod |
| 13 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 way | nmod:poss |
| 14 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 13 country | case |
| 15 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 spell | obj |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 spell | punct |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 girl | det |
| 18 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 learns | nsubj |
| 19 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 speaks | nsubj |
| 20 | speaks | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 girl | acl:relcl |
| 21 | Arabic | Arabic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 speaks | obj |
| 22 | at | at | ADP | _ | 23 home | case |
| 23 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 speaks | obl |
| 24 | learns | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 spell | parataxis |
| 25 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 sounds | compound |
| 26 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 learns | obj |
| 27 | on | on | ADP | _ | 28 top | case |
| 28 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 learns | obl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 Grandad | punct |
| 30 | Grandad | Grandad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 help | nsubj |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 Glasgow | case |
| 32 | Glasgow | Glasgow | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Grandad | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 learned | punct |
| 34 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 learned | nsubj |
| 35 | learned | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 Grandad | acl:relcl |
| 36 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 words | amod |
| 37 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 learned | obj |
| 38 | by | by | ADP | _ | 40 shape | case |
| 39 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 shape | nmod:poss |
| 40 | shape | shape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 learned | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 help | punct |
| 42 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 help | aux |
| 43 | still | still | ADV | _ | 44 help | advmod |
| 44 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 spell | parataxis |
| 45 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 46 reading | mark |
| 46 | reading | read | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 44 help | advcl |
| 47 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 reading | obj |
| 48 | aloud | aloud | ADV | _ | 46 reading | advmod |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 spell | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spell | present | Mum in London and Mom in Texas | that word | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme way=Manner | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | present | a girl | Arabic | home | tree rules | |||
| 3 | learn | present | a girl | English sounds | top | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Topic | |||
| 4 | learn | past | Grandad in Glasgow | whole words | by Mum's shape | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic | |||
| 5 | help | can | Grandad in Glasgow | still | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | read | gerund | Grandad in Glasgow not said here | stories | aloud property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:001-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/1-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts/13/