Sounds and letters: how phonics starts, sentence 6
English has 26 letters but about 44 sounds (the exact number changes a little with accent), so some sounds need a team of letters.
Who acts: English, exact number, sounds · What happens: have, change, need · To what, where: 26 letters, little, team
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sounds and letters: how phonics starts» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, exact number, sounds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 has | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | 26 | 26 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 letters | nummod |
| 4 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 has | obj |
| 5 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 8 sounds | cc |
| 6 | about | about | ADV | _ | 7 44 | advmod |
| 7 | 44 | 44 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 sounds | nummod |
| 8 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 letters | conj |
| 9 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 13 changes | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 number | det |
| 11 | exact | exact | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 number | amod |
| 12 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 changes | nsubj |
| 13 | changes | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 sounds | parataxis |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 little | det |
| 15 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 changes | obl |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 accent | case |
| 17 | accent | accent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 changes | obl |
| 18 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 13 changes | punct |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 need | punct |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 23 need | advmod |
| 21 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 22 sounds | det |
| 22 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 need | nsubj |
| 23 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 has | parataxis |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 team | det |
| 25 | team | team | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 need | obj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 letters | case |
| 27 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 team | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | English | 26 letters but 44 sounds | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient | ||||
| 2 | change | present | the exact number | a little | with accent | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | need | present | some sounds | a team of letters | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot team=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:001-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/1-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts/6/