i before e, silent letters and other famous traps, sentence 12
«Friend» is an ie word that breaks the /ee/ rule, so learn it with a trick: a friend to the end.
Who acts: Friend, ie word · What happens: be, break, learn · To what, where: ie word, ee rule, rule
This is a sentence of the lesson «i before e, silent letters and other famous traps» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Friend, ie word), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 2 Friend | punct |
| 2 | Friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 word | nsubj |
| 3 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 2 Friend | punct |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 word | cop |
| 5 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 word | det |
| 6 | ie | ie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 word | compound |
| 7 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 breaks | nsubj |
| 9 | breaks | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 word | acl:relcl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 rule | det |
| 11 | / | / | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 12 ee | case |
| 12 | ee | ee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 rule | compound |
| 13 | / | / | SYM | _ | 14 rule | punct |
| 14 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 breaks | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 learn | punct |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 learn | advmod |
| 17 | learn | learn | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 7 word | parataxis |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 learn | obj |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 trick | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 trick | det |
| 21 | trick | trick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 learn | obl |
| 22 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 24 friend | punct |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 friend | det |
| 24 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 trick | appos |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 end | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 end | det |
| 27 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 friend | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 word | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Friend | a ie word | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | break | present | a ie word | the ee rule | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient | ||||
| 3 | learn | infinitive | rule | with a trick | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:010-i-before-e-silent-letters-and-famous-traps.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/10-i-before-e-silent-letters-and-famous-traps/12/