i before e, silent letters and other famous traps, sentence 20

Silent letters often show how words were said long ago: the k in «knife» was once spoken.

Who acts: Silent letters · What happens: show, say, speak · To what, where: words, k · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «i before e, silent letters and other famous traps» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Silent letters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Silent	silent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 letters	amod
2	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 show	nsubj
3	often	often	ADV	_	4 show	advmod
4	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	8 said	advmod
6	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 said	nsubj:pass
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 said	aux:pass
8	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 show	ccomp
9	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 ago	advmod
10	ago	ago	ADV	_	8 said	advmod
11	:	:	PUNCT	_	20 spoken	punct
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 k	det
13	k	k	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 spoken	nsubj:pass
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 knife	case
15	«	«	PUNCT	_	16 knife	punct
16	knife	knife	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 k	nmod
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 knife	punct
18	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 spoken	aux:pass
19	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	20 spoken	advmod
20	spoken	speak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 said	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 show	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	show	present	Silent letters		often property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	say speech: assert	past · passive		words	ago property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic
3	speak speech: other	past · passive		the k in knife	once property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:010-i-before-e-silent-letters-and-famous-traps.lesson:20.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/10-i-before-e-silent-letters-and-famous-traps/20/