Inference: reading between the lines, sentence 1
«Lily slammed the door and threw her bag on the floor.» The text never says «angry», but slamming and throwing are clues, and the clues show it.
Who acts: Lily, text, clues · What happens: slam, throw, not say, be, show · To what, where: door, bag, floor, angry, clues, text · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Inference: reading between the lines» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lily, text, clues), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 3 slammed | punct |
| 2 | Lily | Lily | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 slammed | nsubj |
| 3 | slammed | slam | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 door | det |
| 5 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 slammed | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 threw | cc |
| 7 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 slammed | conj |
| 8 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 bag | nmod:poss |
| 9 | bag | bag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 threw | obj |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 floor | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 floor | det |
| 12 | floor | floor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 threw | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 slammed | punct |
| 14 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 3 slammed | punct |
| 15 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 text | det |
| 16 | text | text | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 says | nsubj |
| 17 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 18 says | advmod |
| 18 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 slammed | conj |
| 19 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 20 angry | punct |
| 20 | angry | angry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 says | obj |
| 21 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 20 angry | punct |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 clues | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 28 clues | cc |
| 24 | slamming | slam | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 clues | nsubj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 throwing | cc |
| 26 | throwing | throw | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 slamming | conj |
| 27 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 clues | cop |
| 28 | clues | clue | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 says | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 show | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 show | cc |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 clues | det |
| 32 | clues | clue | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 show | nsubj |
| 33 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 clues | conj |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 show | obj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 slammed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | slam in a quote | past | Lily | the door | vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Patient | ||||
| 2 | throw in a quote | past | Lily not said here | Lily's bag | the floor | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent bag=Theme on floor=Destination | |||
| 3 | not say speech: assert | present | the text | angry | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent angry=Topic | ||||
| 4 | slam | gerund | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | throw | gerund | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 6 | is a | present | clues | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | show | present | the clues | text | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:018-inference-reading-between-the-lines.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/18-inference-reading-between-the-lines/1/