Inference: reading between the lines, sentence 13
Inference means working out something the text suggests but does not say directly.
Who acts: Inference, text · What happens: mean, work out, suggest, not say · To what, where: something · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Inference: reading between the lines» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Inference, text), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Inference | inference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 means | nsubj |
| 2 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | working | work | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 means | xcomp |
| 4 | out | out | ADP | _ | 3 working | compound:prt |
| 5 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 3 working | obj |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 text | det |
| 7 | text | text | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 suggests | nsubj |
| 8 | suggests | suggest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 something | acl:relcl |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 12 say | cc |
| 10 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 say | aux |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 say | advmod |
| 12 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 suggests | conj |
| 13 | directly | directly | ADV | _ | 12 say | advmod |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | Inference | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | work out not said to happen | gerund | Inference not said here | something | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic | ||||
| 3 | suggest speech: suggest | present | the text | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | not say speech: assert | present · do-support | the text not said here | directly property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:018-inference-reading-between-the-lines.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/18-inference-reading-between-the-lines/13/