Vocabulary in context, sentence 4

«The path was treacherous, full of loose stones and steep drops.» Leo guesses treacherous means pretty, but the clues are loose stones and steep drops, so it must mean dangerous.

Who acts: path, Leo, treacherous, clues · What happens: be, guess, means, mean · To what, where: loose stones · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Vocabulary in context» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (path, Leo, treacherous, clues), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 treacherous	punct
2	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 path	det
3	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 treacherous	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 treacherous	cop
5	treacherous	treacherous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 full	punct
7	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 treacherous	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 stones	case
9	loose	loose	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 stones	amod
10	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 full	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 drops	cc
12	steep	steep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 drops	amod
13	drops	drop	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 stones	conj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 treacherous	punct
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 treacherous	punct
16	Leo	Leo	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 guesses	nsubj
17	guesses	guess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 treacherous	parataxis
18	treacherous	treacherous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 means	nsubj
19	means	means	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 guesses	ccomp
20	pretty	pretty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 means	xcomp
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 stones	punct
22	but	but	CCONJ	_	27 stones	cc
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 clues	det
24	clues	clue	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 stones	nsubj
25	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 stones	cop
26	loose	loose	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 stones	amod
27	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 treacherous	parataxis
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 drops	cc
29	steep	steep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 drops	amod
30	drops	drop	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 stones	conj
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 mean	punct
32	so	so	ADV	_	35 mean	advmod
33	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 mean	nsubj
34	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	35 mean	aux
35	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 treacherous	parataxis
36	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 mean	xcomp
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 treacherous	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	past	the path		treacherous property	tree rules
2	be in a quote		the path not said here		of loose stones and steep drops	tree rules
3	guess	present	Leo			vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	means	present	treacherous		pretty property	tree rules
5	is a	present	the clues	loose stones and steep drops		tree rules
6	mean	must	path		dangerous property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:020-vocabulary-in-context.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/20-vocabulary-in-context/4/