Author's choices: why this word, why this way, sentence 12
Aanya in Singapore asks, «Teacher, why author write like that one, so many "and then, and then"?» («like that one» is Singapore English for «in that way».) Sometimes it is on purpose: «and then, and then» can make a narrator sound young and breathless.
Who acts: Aanya, author, way, narrator · What happens: ask, write, be, make, sound · To what, where: many, purpose, narrator · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Author's choices: why this word, why this way» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aanya, author, way, narrator), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aanya | Aanya | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 asks | nsubj |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 Singapore | case |
| 3 | Singapore | Singapore | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Aanya | nmod |
| 4 | asks | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 Teacher | punct |
| 6 | « | « | ADP | _ | 7 Teacher | case |
| 7 | Teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 write | vocative |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 write | punct |
| 9 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 write | advmod |
| 10 | author | author | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 write | nsubj |
| 11 | write | write | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 asks | ccomp |
| 12 | like | like | ADP | _ | 14 one | case |
| 13 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 14 one | det |
| 14 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 write | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 many | punct |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 many | advmod |
| 17 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 asks | obl |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 many | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 then | cc |
| 20 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 asks | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 then | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 then | cc |
| 23 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 asks | parataxis |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 then | punct |
| 25 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 asks | punct |
| 26 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 4 asks | punct |
| 27 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 35 English | punct |
| 28 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 35 English | punct |
| 29 | like | like | ADP | _ | 35 English | case |
| 30 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 31 one | det |
| 31 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 English | dep |
| 32 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 31 one | punct |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 English | cop |
| 34 | Singapore | Singapore | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 English | compound |
| 35 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 asks | parataxis |
| 36 | for | for | ADP | _ | 40 way | case |
| 37 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 40 way | punct |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 way | case |
| 39 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 40 way | det |
| 40 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 English | obl |
| 41 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 40 way | punct |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 asks | punct |
| 43 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 4 asks | punct |
| 44 | Sometimes | sometimes | ADV | _ | 48 purpose | advmod |
| 45 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 purpose | nsubj |
| 46 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 48 purpose | cop |
| 47 | on | on | ADP | _ | 48 purpose | case |
| 48 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 asks | ccomp |
| 49 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 58 make | punct |
| 50 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 58 make | punct |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 make | cc |
| 52 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 58 make | advmod |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 make | punct |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 make | cc |
| 55 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 58 make | advmod |
| 56 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 55 then | punct |
| 57 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 58 make | aux |
| 58 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 48 purpose | parataxis |
| 59 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 60 narrator | det |
| 60 | narrator | narrator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 make | obj |
| 61 | sound | sound | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 58 make | xcomp |
| 62 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 61 sound | xcomp |
| 63 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 64 breathless | cc |
| 64 | breathless | breathless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 young | conj |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 asks | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask | present | Aanya in Singapore | many | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | write in a quote | infinitive | author | like that one; Teacher vocative | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | is | present | like Singapore English; for that way | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | is | present | way | purpose | sometimes property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | make | can | a narrator | then; then | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | sound | infinitive | a narrator not said here | young property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:021-authors-choices-why-this-word-why-this-way.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/21-authors-choices-why-this-word-why-this-way/12/