Word classes: the jobs words do, sentence 1
In «The hungry fox quickly ate the cake under the table», fox and cake and table are nouns (naming words), ate is a verb (doing or being), hungry is an adjective (it describes the noun fox), quickly is an adverb (it tells how he ate), the is a determiner, and under is a preposition (it shows where).
Who acts: hungry fox, words, ate, verb, hungry, fox · What happens: eat, be, name, do, describe, tell · To what, where: cake, nouns, verb, adjective, noun fox, adverb · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Word classes: the jobs words do» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hungry fox, words, ate, verb), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 5 fox | case |
| 2 | « | « | ADP | _ | 1 In | fixed |
| 3 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 fox | det |
| 4 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 fox | amod |
| 5 | fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ate | nsubj |
| 6 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 7 ate | advmod |
| 7 | ate | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 nouns | parataxis |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 cake | det |
| 9 | cake | cake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ate | obj |
| 10 | under | under | ADP | _ | 13 » | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 table | det |
| 12 | table | table | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ate | obl |
| 13 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 7 ate | punct |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 fox | punct |
| 15 | fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 » | conj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 cake | cc |
| 17 | cake | cake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 fox | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 table | cc |
| 19 | table | table | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 cake | conj |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 nouns | cop |
| 21 | nouns | noun | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 22 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 23 naming | punct |
| 23 | naming | name | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 words | acl |
| 24 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 nouns | appos |
| 25 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 24 words | punct |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 verb | punct |
| 27 | ate | ate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 verb | nsubj |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 verb | cop |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 verb | det |
| 30 | verb | verb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ate | obl |
| 31 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 32 doing | punct |
| 32 | doing | do | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 verb | acl |
| 33 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 34 being | cc |
| 34 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 doing | conj |
| 35 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 32 doing | punct |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 adjective | punct |
| 37 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 adjective | nsubj |
| 38 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 adjective | cop |
| 39 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 adjective | det |
| 40 | adjective | adjective | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 verb | conj |
| 41 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 43 describes | punct |
| 42 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 describes | nsubj |
| 43 | describes | describe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 ate | conj |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 fox | det |
| 45 | noun | noun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 fox | compound |
| 46 | fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 describes | obj |
| 47 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 43 describes | punct |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 adverb | punct |
| 49 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 52 adverb | advmod |
| 50 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 adverb | cop |
| 51 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 52 adverb | det |
| 52 | adverb | adverb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ate | obl |
| 53 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 55 tells | punct |
| 54 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 55 tells | nsubj |
| 55 | tells | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 adverb | parataxis |
| 56 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 58 ate | advmod |
| 57 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 ate | nsubj |
| 58 | ate | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 55 tells | ccomp |
| 59 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 58 ate | punct |
| 60 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 64 determiner | punct |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 determiner | nsubj |
| 62 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 64 determiner | cop |
| 63 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 64 determiner | det |
| 64 | determiner | determiner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 adverb | conj |
| 65 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 preposition | punct |
| 66 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 70 preposition | cc |
| 67 | under | under | ADP | _ | 70 preposition | case |
| 68 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 70 preposition | cop |
| 69 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 70 preposition | det |
| 70 | preposition | preposition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 adverb | conj |
| 71 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 73 shows | punct |
| 72 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 73 shows | nsubj |
| 73 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 70 preposition | acl:relcl |
| 74 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 73 shows | advmod |
| 75 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 73 shows | punct |
| 76 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 ate | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eat in a quote | past | the hungry fox | the cake | the table obl; quickly property | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Patient | |||
| 2 | is a | present | nouns | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | name | gerund | words not said here | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is a | present | ate | a verb and a adjective | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | do | gerund | a verb and a adjective not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | is a | present | hungry | a adjective | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | describe | present | ate | the noun fox | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent fox=Theme | ||||
| 8 | is a | present | a adverb and a determiner and a preposition | quickly property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | tell speech: assert | present | ate | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 10 | eat | past | fox | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 11 | is a | present | the | a determiner | tree rules | ||||
| 12 | is | present | a preposition | tree rules | |||||
| 13 | show | present | ate | a preposition not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent preposition=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:027-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×6. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do/1/