Relative clauses, sentence 21
The relative pronoun can often be left out when it is not the subject of the clause: «the book I read».
Who acts: meaning, relative clause · What happens: leave out, not be, read · To what, where: relative pronoun, subject, book
This is a sentence of the lesson «Relative clauses» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (meaning, relative clause), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 pronoun | det |
| 2 | relative | relative | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 pronoun | amod |
| 3 | pronoun | pronoun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 left | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 left | aux |
| 5 | often | often | ADV | _ | 7 left | advmod |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 left | aux:pass |
| 7 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | out | out | ADP | _ | 7 left | compound:prt |
| 9 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 14 subject | advmod |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 subject | nsubj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 subject | cop |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 subject | advmod |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 subject | det |
| 14 | subject | subject | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 left | advcl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 clause | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 clause | det |
| 17 | clause | clause | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 subject | nmod |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 book | punct |
| 19 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 21 book | punct |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 book | det |
| 21 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 clause | appos |
| 22 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 read | nsubj |
| 23 | read | read | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 book | acl:relcl |
| 24 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 21 book | punct |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 left | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave out | can · passive | the relative pronoun | often property | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | not is a | present | meaning | the subject | of the clause | tree rules | |||
| 3 | read in a quote | past | a relative clause = clause | the book not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:030-relative-clauses.lesson:21.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/30-relative-clauses/21/