Tense consistency and verb forms, sentence 10
"Had" plus a past form, like "had started", shows something that happened before another past event: "When we got there, the film had started" means the film started first.
Who acts: Had, we, film · What happens: start, show, happen, get, mean · To what, where: something, past event · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Tense consistency and verb forms» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Had, we, film), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Had | punct |
| 2 | Had | Had | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 shows | nsubj |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Had | punct |
| 4 | plus | plus | CCONJ | _ | 7 form | cc |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 form | det |
| 6 | past | past | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 form | amod |
| 7 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Had | appos |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 started | punct |
| 9 | like | like | SCONJ | _ | 12 started | mark |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 started | punct |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 started | aux |
| 12 | started | start | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 form | parataxis |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 started | punct |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Had | punct |
| 15 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 15 shows | obj |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 happened | nsubj |
| 18 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 something | acl:relcl |
| 19 | before | before | ADV | _ | 18 happened | advmod |
| 20 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 22 event | det |
| 21 | past | past | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 event | amod |
| 22 | event | event | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 happened | obl |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 33 started | punct |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 started | punct |
| 25 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 27 got | mark |
| 26 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 got | nsubj |
| 27 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 started | advcl |
| 28 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 27 got | advmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 got | punct |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 film | det |
| 31 | film | film | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 started | nsubj |
| 32 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 started | aux |
| 33 | started | start | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 35 means | advcl |
| 34 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 started | punct |
| 35 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 shows | parataxis |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 film | det |
| 37 | film | film | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 started | nsubj |
| 38 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 means | ccomp |
| 39 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 38 started | advmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 shows | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start in a quote | past · perfect | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||||
| 2 | show | present | Had | something | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent something=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | happen | past | another past event | before property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | get in a quote | past | we | there | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | start in a quote | past · perfect | the film | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | mean | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 7 | start | past | the film | first property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:031-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/10/