Commas: lists, clauses and clarity, sentence 2
Commas separate items in a list ("apples, bananas and grapes"), follow an opening phrase ("After school, we went to the park"), and wrap extra information in a pair, like two hands holding it: "Sam, my friend, came round."
Who acts: Commas, we, two hands, Sam · What happens: separate, follow, go, wrap, hold, come round · To what, where: items, list, opening phrase, park, extra information, pair · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Commas: lists, clauses and clarity» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Commas, we, two hands, Sam), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Commas | comma | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 separate | nsubj |
| 2 | separate | separate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | items | item | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 separate | obj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 list | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 list | det |
| 6 | list | list | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 items | nmod |
| 7 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 9 apples | punct |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 apples | punct |
| 9 | apples | apple | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 list | appos |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 bananas | punct |
| 11 | bananas | banana | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 apples | conj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 grapes | cc |
| 13 | grapes | grape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 apples | conj |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 apples | punct |
| 15 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 9 apples | punct |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 items | punct |
| 17 | follow | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 separate | conj |
| 18 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 phrase | det |
| 19 | opening | opening | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 phrase | amod |
| 20 | phrase | phrase | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 follow | obj |
| 21 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 27 went | punct |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 went | punct |
| 23 | After | after | ADP | _ | 24 school | case |
| 24 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 went | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 school | punct |
| 26 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 went | nsubj |
| 27 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 follow | advcl |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 park | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 park | det |
| 30 | park | park | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 went | obl |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 went | punct |
| 32 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 27 went | punct |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 wrap | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 wrap | cc |
| 35 | wrap | wrap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 follow | conj |
| 36 | extra | extra | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 information | amod |
| 37 | information | information | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 wrap | obj |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 pair | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 pair | det |
| 40 | pair | pair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 wrap | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 hands | punct |
| 42 | like | like | ADP | _ | 44 hands | case |
| 43 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 44 hands | nummod |
| 44 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 pair | nmod |
| 45 | holding | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 44 hands | acl |
| 46 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 holding | obj |
| 47 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 49 Sam | punct |
| 48 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 49 Sam | punct |
| 49 | Sam | Sam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 54 came | nsubj |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 friend | punct |
| 51 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 52 friend | nmod:poss |
| 52 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 Sam | appos |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 Sam | punct |
| 54 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 separate | parataxis |
| 55 | round | round | ADV | _ | 54 came | advmod |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 separate | punct |
| 57 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 separate | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | separate | present | Commas | items | a list | tree rules | |||
| 2 | follow | present | Commas not said here | a opening phrase | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phrase=Theme | ||||
| 3 | go in a quote | past | we | the park | after school | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to park=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | wrap | present | Commas not said here | extra information | a pair like two hands | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent information=Theme in pair=Destination | |||
| 5 | hold | gerund | two hands not said here | comma | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 6 | come round in a quote | past | Sam | round property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:033-commas-lists-clauses-and-clarity.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/33-commas-lists-clauses-and-clarity/2/