Brackets, dashes, colons, semicolons and hyphens, sentence 1
Brackets whisper the extra bit, dashes say it louder and add drama ("My dog – a spaniel – loves walks"), and an ellipsis of three dots makes the reader wait... or shows that words are missing.
Who acts: Brackets, dashes, dog, ellipsis, reader, words · What happens: whisper, say, add, love, make, wait · To what, where: extra bit, bit, drama, walks, reader · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Brackets, dashes, colons, semicolons and hyphens» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Brackets, dashes, dog, ellipsis), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brackets | bracket | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 whisper | nsubj |
| 2 | whisper | whisper | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 bit | det |
| 4 | extra | extra | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 bit | amod |
| 5 | bit | bit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 whisper | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 say | punct |
| 7 | dashes | dash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 say | nsubj |
| 8 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 bit | acl:relcl |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 say | obj |
| 10 | louder | loud | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 8 say | obj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 add | cc |
| 12 | add | add | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 louder | conj |
| 13 | drama | drama | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 add | obj |
| 14 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 22 loves | punct |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 loves | punct |
| 16 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 dog | nmod:poss |
| 17 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 loves | nsubj |
| 18 | – | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 spaniel | punct |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 spaniel | det |
| 20 | spaniel | spaniel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 dog | appos |
| 21 | – | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 loves | punct |
| 22 | loves | love | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 louder | parataxis |
| 23 | walks | walk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 loves | obj |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 loves | punct |
| 25 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 22 loves | punct |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 makes | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 makes | cc |
| 28 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 ellipsis | det |
| 29 | ellipsis | ellipsis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 makes | nsubj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 dots | case |
| 31 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 dots | nummod |
| 32 | dots | dot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 ellipsis | nmod |
| 33 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 louder | conj |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 reader | det |
| 35 | reader | reader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 makes | obj |
| 36 | wait | wait | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 makes | xcomp |
| 37 | ... | ... | PUNCT | _ | 39 shows | punct |
| 38 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 39 shows | cc |
| 39 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 makes | conj |
| 40 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 43 missing | mark |
| 41 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 missing | nsubj |
| 42 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 missing | cop |
| 43 | missing | missing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 shows | ccomp |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 whisper | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | whisper speech: assert | present | Brackets | the extra bit | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bit=Topic | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | dashes | bit | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme loud=Manner | ||||
| 3 | add speech: assert | present | dashes not said here | drama | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drama=Patient | ||||
| 4 | love in a quote | present | My dog | walks | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer walk=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | make | present | a ellipsis of three dots | the reader | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | wait | infinitive | the reader not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | show | present | a ellipsis of three dots not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | is | present | words | missing property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:036-brackets-dashes-colons-semicolons-and-hyphens.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/36-brackets-dashes-colons-semicolons-and-hyphens/1/