Describing: senses, showing and precise words, sentence 1

"We had a nice cake at the nice party and it was nice" tells us nothing; one precise word ("sticky", "lemony", "lopsided") paints a picture, while piling up "big, huge, enormous, massive, giant" just makes the reader wait.

Who acts: We, cake, one precise word, reader · What happens: have, be, tell, paint, pile up, make · To what, where: nice cake, nice party, nothing, us, picture, big huge enormous massive giant · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Describing: senses, showing and precise words» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, cake, one precise word, reader), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 had	punct
2	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 had	nsubj
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 tells	ccomp
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 cake	det
5	nice	nice	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 cake	amod
6	cake	cake	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	10 party	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 party	det
9	nice	nice	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 party	amod
10	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 nice	cc
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 nice	nsubj
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 nice	cop
14	nice	nice	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 had	conj
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 tells	punct
16	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
17	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 tells	iobj
18	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	16 tells	obj
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 word	punct
20	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	22 word	nummod
21	precise	precise	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 word	amod
22	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 paints	nsubj
23	(	(	PUNCT	_	25 sticky	punct
24	"	"	PUNCT	_	25 sticky	punct
25	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 word	appos
26	"	"	PUNCT	_	25 sticky	punct
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 lemony	punct
28	"	"	PUNCT	_	29 lemony	punct
29	lemony	lemony	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 sticky	conj
30	"	"	PUNCT	_	29 lemony	punct
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 lopsided	punct
32	"	"	PUNCT	_	33 lopsided	punct
33	lopsided	lopsided	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 sticky	conj
34	"	"	PUNCT	_	33 lopsided	punct
35	)	)	PUNCT	_	25 sticky	punct
36	paints	paint	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 tells	conj
37	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	38 picture	det
38	picture	picture	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 paints	obj
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 paints	punct
40	while	while	SCONJ	_	55 makes	mark
41	piling	pile	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	55 makes	nsubj
42	up	up	ADP	_	41 piling	compound:prt
43	"	"	PUNCT	_	44 big	punct
44	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	52 giant	amod
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 huge	punct
46	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	52 giant	amod
47	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 huge	punct
48	enormous	enormous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	52 giant	amod
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	48 enormous	punct
50	massive	massive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	52 giant	amod
51	,	,	PUNCT	_	50 massive	punct
52	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 piling	obj
53	"	"	PUNCT	_	52 giant	punct
54	just	just	ADV	_	55 makes	advmod
55	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	36 paints	advcl
56	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	57 reader	det
57	reader	reader	NOUN	Number=Sing	55 makes	obj
58	wait	wait	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	55 makes	xcomp
59	.	.	PUNCT	_	16 tells	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: changed polarity=neg, voice=narrator

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	have in a quote	past	We	a nice cake		the nice party		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Patient
2	is in a quote	past	cake				nice property	tree rules
3	tell speech: assert	present		nothing	us			tree rules
4	paint	present	one precise word	a picture				vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent picture=Destination
5	pile up	gerund		big huge enormous massive giant				vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme giant=Destination
6	make	present		the reader				tree rules
7	wait	infinitive	the reader not said here					vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:041-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words/1/