Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up, sentence 0

A pencil held in a fist like a dagger is driven by the big muscles of the arm, so it wobbles and the hand tires after one line.

Who acts: big muscles, pencil, hand · What happens: hold, drive, wobble, tire · To what, where: pencil, fist

This is a sentence of the lesson «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (big muscles, pencil, hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 pencil	det
2	pencil	pencil	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 driven	nsubj:pass
3	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 pencil	acl
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 fist	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 fist	det
6	fist	fist	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 held	obl
7	like	like	ADP	_	9 dagger	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 dagger	det
9	dagger	dagger	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fist	nmod
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 driven	aux:pass
11	driven	drive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
12	by	by	ADP	_	15 muscles	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 muscles	det
14	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 muscles	amod
15	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 driven	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	18 arm	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 arm	det
18	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 muscles	nmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 wobbles	punct
20	so	so	ADV	_	22 wobbles	advmod
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 wobbles	nsubj
22	wobbles	wobble	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 driven	conj
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 tires	cc
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 tires	det
25	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 tires	nsubj
26	tires	tire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 wobbles	conj
27	after	after	ADP	_	29 line	case
28	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	29 line	nummod
29	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 driven	obl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 driven	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	hold	participle		a pencil not said here	a fist like a dagger		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in fist=Location
2	drive	present · passive	the big muscles of the arm	a pencil		after one line	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme subject=Trajectory
3	wobble	present	pencil				vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	tire	present	hand				vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:005-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/0/