Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up, sentence 13
Handwriting still matters: in tests a marker can only mark what they can read, and joined-up writing (cursive) helps speed and even spelling, because the hand learns letter groups like «ing» and «th».
Who acts: Handwriting, marker, tests, joined writing, hand · What happens: matter, mark, read, join, help, learn · To what, where: tests, speed, letter groups
This is a sentence of the lesson «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Handwriting, marker, tests, joined writing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Handwriting | handwriting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 matters | nsubj |
| 2 | still | still | ADV | _ | 3 matters | advmod |
| 3 | matters | matter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 3 matters | punct |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 tests | case |
| 6 | tests | test | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 mark | obl |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 marker | det |
| 8 | marker | marker | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 mark | nsubj |
| 9 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 mark | aux |
| 10 | only | only | ADV | _ | 11 mark | advmod |
| 11 | mark | mark | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 matters | parataxis |
| 12 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 15 read | obj |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 read | nsubj |
| 14 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 read | aux |
| 15 | read | read | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 mark | ccomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 writing | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 helps | cc |
| 18 | joined | join | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 writing | amod |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 joined | punct |
| 20 | up | up | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 joined | compound |
| 21 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 helps | nsubj |
| 22 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 23 cursive | punct |
| 23 | cursive | cursive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 writing | appos |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 23 cursive | punct |
| 25 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 mark | conj |
| 26 | speed | speed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 helps | obj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 spelling | cc |
| 28 | even | even | ADV | _ | 29 spelling | advmod |
| 29 | spelling | spell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 speed | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 learns | punct |
| 31 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 34 learns | mark |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 hand | det |
| 33 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 learns | nsubj |
| 34 | learns | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 helps | advcl |
| 35 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 groups | compound |
| 36 | groups | group | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 learns | obj |
| 37 | like | like | ADP | _ | 39 ing | case |
| 38 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 39 ing | punct |
| 39 | ing | ing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 groups | nmod |
| 40 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 39 ing | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 th | cc |
| 42 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 43 th | punct |
| 43 | th | that | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 ing | conj |
| 44 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 43 th | punct |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 matters | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | matter | present | Handwriting | still | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | mark | can | a marker | tests | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | read | can | tests = test | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic | |||||
| 4 | join | participle | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 5 | help | present | joined writing | speed and spelling | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speed=Beneficiary | ||||
| 6 | learn | present | the hand | letter groups | like ing and th | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent group=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:005-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/13/