Olympiad: riddles, lipograms and hidden words, sentence 3
A lipogram is writing that leaves out one letter on purpose; leaving out "e", the commonest letter in English, is the hardest classic challenge.
Who acts: lipogram, writing · What happens: be, leave out · To what, where: writing, one letter, purpose, e, hardest classic challenge
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: riddles, lipograms and hidden words» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lipogram, writing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 lipogram | det |
| 2 | lipogram | lipogram | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 writing | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 writing | cop |
| 4 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 challenge | nsubj |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 leaves | nsubj |
| 6 | leaves | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 writing | acl:relcl |
| 7 | out | out | ADP | _ | 6 leaves | compound:prt |
| 8 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 letter | nummod |
| 9 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 leaves | obj |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 purpose | case |
| 11 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 leaves | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 leaving | punct |
| 13 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 leaves | advcl |
| 14 | out | out | ADP | _ | 13 leaving | compound:prt |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 e | punct |
| 16 | e | e | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 leaving | obj |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 e | punct |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 leaving | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 letter | det |
| 20 | commonest | common | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 21 letter | amod |
| 21 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 leaving | obj |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 English | case |
| 23 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 letter | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 writing | punct |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 challenge | cop |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 challenge | det |
| 27 | hardest | hard | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 29 challenge | amod |
| 28 | classic | classic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 challenge | amod |
| 29 | challenge | challenge | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 writing | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a lipogram | writing | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | leave out | present | writing | one letter | purpose | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme | |||
| 3 | leave out | gerund | writing not said here | e | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | writing | the hardest classic challenge | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:057-olympiad-riddles-lipograms-and-hidden-words.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/57-olympiad-riddles-lipograms-and-hidden-words/3/