Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones, sentence 10
Some words ending in o add -es (potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes), others just -s (pianos, photos, zoos); a silly sentence helps: «The heroes ate potatoes and tomatoes in the echo.»
Who acts: words, silly sentence, heroes · What happens: end, add, help, eat · To what, where: o, es, potatoes, echo · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (words, silly sentence, heroes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 words | det |
| 2 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 add | nsubj |
| 3 | ending | end | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 words | acl |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 o | case |
| 5 | o | o | NOUN | _ | 3 ending | obl |
| 6 | add | add | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 es | punct |
| 8 | es | e | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 add | obj |
| 9 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 10 potatoes | punct |
| 10 | potatoes | potato | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 es | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 tomatoes | punct |
| 12 | tomatoes | tomato | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 es | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 heroes | punct |
| 14 | heroes | hero | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 es | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 echoes | punct |
| 16 | echoes | echo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 es | conj |
| 17 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 16 echoes | punct |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 others | punct |
| 19 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 es | nmod |
| 20 | just | just | ADV | _ | 21 -s | advmod |
| 21 | -s | -s | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 6 add | obj |
| 22 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 23 pianos | punct |
| 23 | pianos | piano | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 -s | flat |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 photos | punct |
| 25 | photos | photo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 pianos | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 zoos | punct |
| 27 | zoos | zoo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 pianos | conj |
| 28 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 23 pianos | punct |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 helps | punct |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 sentence | det |
| 31 | silly | silly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 sentence | amod |
| 32 | sentence | sentence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 helps | nsubj |
| 33 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 add | conj |
| 34 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 38 ate | punct |
| 35 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 38 ate | punct |
| 36 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 heroes | det |
| 37 | heroes | hero | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 ate | nsubj |
| 38 | ate | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 helps | ccomp |
| 39 | potatoes | potato | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 ate | obj |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 tomatoes | cc |
| 41 | tomatoes | tomato | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 potatoes | conj |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 echo | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 echo | det |
| 44 | echo | echo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 ate | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 add | punct |
| 46 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 38 ate | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none, act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | end | gerund | some words not said here | o | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | add speech: assert | infinitive | some words | es others and potatoes and tomatoes and heroes and echoes | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | help | present | a silly sentence | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | eat in a quote | past | the heroes | potatoes and tomatoes | the echo | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent potato=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:006-spelling-plurals.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/10/