Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones, sentence 13
Words borrowed from Latin may keep an old plural (cactus, cacti; fungus, fungi), and often the English one is fine too (cactuses).
Who acts: Words, English one · What happens: borrow, keep, be · To what, where: Words, Latin, old plural
This is a sentence of the lesson «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Words, English one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 keep | nsubj |
| 2 | borrowed | borrow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Words | acl |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 4 Latin | case |
| 4 | Latin | Latin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 borrowed | obl |
| 5 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 keep | aux |
| 6 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 plural | det |
| 8 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 plural | amod |
| 9 | plural | plural | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 keep | obj |
| 10 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 11 cactus | punct |
| 11 | cactus | cactus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 keep | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 cacti | punct |
| 13 | cacti | cactus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 cactus | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 fungus | punct |
| 15 | fungus | fungus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 cactus | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 fungi | punct |
| 17 | fungi | fungus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 fungus | appos |
| 18 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 11 cactus | punct |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 fine | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 fine | cc |
| 21 | often | often | ADV | _ | 26 fine | advmod |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 one | det |
| 23 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 one | amod |
| 24 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 fine | nsubj |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 fine | cop |
| 26 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 keep | conj |
| 27 | too | too | ADV | _ | 26 fine | advmod |
| 28 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 29 cactuses | punct |
| 29 | cactuses | cactus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 fine | parataxis |
| 30 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 29 cactuses | punct |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 keep | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | borrow | participle | Words not said here | Latin | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from latin=Source | ||||
| 2 | keep | may | Words | a old plural | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent plural=Theme cactus=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | is | present | the English one | fine, often property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:006-spelling-plurals.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/13/