Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones, sentence 19
Nouns ending in s, x, z, ch or sh add -es, which adds an extra beat: foxes, boxes, churches, wishes.
Who acts: Nouns, es · What happens: end, add · To what, where: z, s, es, extra beat
This is a sentence of the lesson «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nouns, es), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nouns | noun | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 add | nsubj |
| 2 | ending | end | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Nouns | acl |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 s | case |
| 4 | s | s | NOUN | _ | 2 ending | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 z | punct |
| 6 | x | x | INTJ | _ | 8 z | discourse |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 z | punct |
| 8 | z | z | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 ending | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 ch | punct |
| 10 | ch | ch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 z | conj |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 sh | cc |
| 12 | sh | sh | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 ch | conj |
| 13 | add | add | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 es | punct |
| 15 | es | e | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 add | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 adds | punct |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 adds | nsubj |
| 18 | adds | add | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 es | acl:relcl |
| 19 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 beat | det |
| 20 | extra | extra | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 beat | amod |
| 21 | beat | beat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 adds | obj |
| 22 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 foxes | punct |
| 23 | foxes | fox | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 beat | appos |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 boxes | punct |
| 25 | boxes | box | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 foxes | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 churches | punct |
| 27 | churches | church | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 foxes | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 wishes | punct |
| 29 | wishes | wish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 foxes | conj |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 add | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | end | gerund | Nouns not said here | z and ch or sh | s | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | add speech: assert | infinitive | Nouns | es | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent e=Patient | ||||
| 3 | add speech: assert | present | es | a extra beat | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beat=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:006-spelling-plurals.lesson:19.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/19/