Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 2
«Hope» ends in a silent e, which drops before -ing: hoping.
Who acts: Hope, silent e · What happens: end, drop, hope · To what, where: silent e, ing
This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hope, silent e), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hope | punct |
| 2 | Hope | Hope | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 ends | nsubj |
| 3 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hope | punct |
| 4 | ends | end | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 e | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 e | det |
| 7 | silent | silent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 e | amod |
| 8 | e | e | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 ends | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 drops | punct |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 drops | nsubj |
| 11 | drops | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 e | acl:relcl |
| 12 | before | before | ADP | _ | 14 ing | case |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 ing | punct |
| 14 | ing | ing | NOUN | _ | 11 drops | obl |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 hoping | punct |
| 16 | hoping | hope | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 ends | parataxis |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 ends | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | end | present | Hope | a silent e | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | drop | present | a silent e | ing | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme before ing=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | hope | gerund | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/2/