Soft words for hard things: money and poverty, sentence 4
"Fallen on hard times" means someone has become poor after being better off.
Who acts: someone · What happens: fall, mean, become, be · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: money and poverty» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (someone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Fallen | punct |
| 2 | Fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 means | csubj |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 5 times | case |
| 4 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 times | amod |
| 5 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 Fallen | obl |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Fallen | punct |
| 7 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 10 become | nsubj |
| 9 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 become | aux |
| 10 | become | become | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 means | ccomp |
| 11 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 become | xcomp |
| 12 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 14 better | mark |
| 13 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 better | cop |
| 14 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 10 become | advcl |
| 15 | off | off | ADP | _ | 14 better | compound:prt |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 means | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall in a quote | participle | time | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | mean | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 3 | become | present · perfect | someone | poor property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | is | gerund | someone not said here | good property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:019-money-and-poverty.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/19-money-and-poverty/4/