Soft words for hard things: death and dying, sentence 14

"Gave up the ghost" means died; it is also said jokingly of a machine that stops working for good.

Who acts: machine · What happens: give up, mean, die, say, stop, work · To what, where: ghost · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: death and dying» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (machine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Gave	punct
2	Gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 means	csubj
3	up	up	ADP	_	2 Gave	compound:prt
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ghost	det
5	ghost	ghost	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Gave	obj
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Gave	punct
7	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	died	die	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 means	ccomp
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 said	punct
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 said	nsubj:pass
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 said	aux:pass
12	also	also	ADV	_	13 said	advmod
13	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 means	conj
14	jokingly	jokingly	ADV	_	13 said	advmod
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 machine	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 machine	det
17	machine	machine	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 said	obl
18	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 stops	nsubj
19	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 machine	acl:relcl
20	working	work	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 stops	xcomp
21	for	for	ADP	_	22 good	case
22	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 working	obl
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 Gave	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	give up in a quote	past		the ghost		vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ghost=Source
2	mean	present				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	die	participle				vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
4	say speech: assert	present · passive		ghost	of a machine; jokingly property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic
5	stop	present	a machine			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
6	work	gerund	a machine not said here		for good	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for good=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:002-death-official-and-slang.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/2-death-official-and-slang/14/