Soft words for hard things: business and advertising and politics and government spin, sentence 17
"Challenging trading conditions" means business is bad and losing money (UK).
Who acts: Challenging trading conditions, business · What happens: mean, be, lose · To what, where: money · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: business and advertising and politics and government spin» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Challenging trading conditions, business), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 conditions | punct |
| 2 | Challenging | challenging | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 conditions | amod |
| 3 | trading | trading | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 conditions | compound |
| 4 | conditions | condition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 means | nsubj |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 conditions | punct |
| 6 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | business | business | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 bad | nsubj |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 bad | cop |
| 9 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 means | ccomp |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 losing | cc |
| 11 | losing | lose | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 bad | conj |
| 12 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 losing | obj |
| 13 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 14 UK | punct |
| 14 | UK | UK | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 means | parataxis |
| 15 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 14 UK | punct |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | Challenging trading conditions | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is | present | business | bad property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | lose | gerund | business not said here | money | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:023-fees-bugs-and-spin.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/23-fees-bugs-and-spin/17/