Soft words for hard things: business and advertising and politics and government spin, sentence 20
"User fee" means a tax or charge for using a public service (US).
Who acts: User fee, tax · What happens: mean, use · To what, where: tax, public service
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: business and advertising and politics and government spin» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (User fee, tax), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 fee | punct |
| 2 | User | user | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fee | compound |
| 3 | fee | fee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 means | nsubj |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 fee | punct |
| 5 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 tax | det |
| 7 | tax | tax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 means | obj |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 charge | cc |
| 9 | charge | charge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 tax | conj |
| 10 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 11 using | mark |
| 11 | using | use | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 tax | acl |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 service | det |
| 13 | public | public | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 service | amod |
| 14 | service | service | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 using | obj |
| 15 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 16 US | punct |
| 16 | US | US | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 service | appos |
| 17 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 16 US | punct |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | User fee | a tax or charge | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Topic | ||||
| 2 | use | gerund | a tax or charge not said here | a public service | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent service=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:023-fees-bugs-and-spin.lesson:20.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/23-fees-bugs-and-spin/20/