Soft words for hard things: politics and government spin and war, the military and violence, sentence 0
War and violence are the hardest things of all to talk about, so governments, armies and criminals give them cold, technical names.
Who acts: War, governments · What happens: be, talk about, give · To what, where: hardest things, cold technical names, War
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: politics and government spin and war, the military and violence» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (War, governments), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | War | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 things | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 violence | cc |
| 3 | violence | violence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 War | conj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 things | cop |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 things | det |
| 6 | hardest | hard | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 things | amod |
| 7 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 give | parataxis |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 all | case |
| 9 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 things | nmod |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 talk | mark |
| 11 | talk | talk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 things | acl |
| 12 | about | about | ADP | _ | 11 talk | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 governments | punct |
| 14 | so | so | ADV | _ | 20 give | advmod |
| 15 | governments | government | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 give | nsubj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 armies | punct |
| 17 | armies | army | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 governments | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 criminals | cc |
| 19 | criminals | criminal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 governments | conj |
| 20 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 give | iobj |
| 22 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 names | amod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 cold | punct |
| 24 | technical | technical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 names | amod |
| 25 | names | name | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 give | obj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 things | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | War and violence | the hardest things | of all | tree rules | |||
| 2 | talk about | to-infinitive | governments and armies and criminals not said here | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | give | present | governments and armies and criminals | cold technical names | War | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient name=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:025-spin-war-and-violence.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/25-spin-war-and-violence/0/