Soft words for hard things: stupidity and madness and rudeness and swearing, sentence 4
Long ago it was thought wrong to say God's or Jesus's name in anger, so people bent the words: God became "gosh" and "golly", Jesus became "gee" and "jeez", Christ became "crikey" and "cripes".
Who acts: people, God, Jesus, Christ · What happens: think, say, bend, become, name · To what, where: mind, name, anger, words, gee, crikey · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: stupidity and madness and rudeness and swearing» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, God, Jesus, Christ), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 2 ago | advmod |
| 2 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 5 thought | advmod |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 thought | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 thought | aux:pass |
| 5 | thought | think | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 thought | xcomp |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 say | mark |
| 8 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 thought | xcomp |
| 9 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 name | nmod:poss |
| 10 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 9 God | case |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 Jesus | cc |
| 12 | Jesus | Jesus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 God | conj |
| 13 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 9 God | case |
| 14 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 say | obj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 anger | case |
| 16 | anger | anger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 say | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 bent | punct |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 20 bent | advmod |
| 19 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 bent | nsubj |
| 20 | bent | bend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 thought | parataxis |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 words | det |
| 22 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 bent | obj |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 24 God | punct |
| 24 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 became | nsubj |
| 25 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 thought | parataxis |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 gosh | punct |
| 27 | gosh | gosh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 became | xcomp |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 gosh | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 became | cc |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 golly | punct |
| 31 | golly | golly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 gosh | conj |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 golly | punct |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 became | punct |
| 34 | Jesus | Jesus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 became | nsubj |
| 35 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 became | conj |
| 36 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 gee | punct |
| 37 | gee | gee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 became | xcomp |
| 38 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 gee | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 jeez | cc |
| 40 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 jeez | punct |
| 41 | jeez | jeez | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 gee | conj |
| 42 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 jeez | punct |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 became | punct |
| 44 | Christ | Christ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 became | nsubj |
| 45 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 became | conj |
| 46 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 47 crikey | punct |
| 47 | crikey | crikey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 became | xcomp |
| 48 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 47 crikey | punct |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 cripes | cc |
| 50 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 51 cripes | punct |
| 51 | cripes | cripe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 crikey | conj |
| 52 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 51 cripes | punct |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | past · passive | mind | ago, wrong property | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | to-infinitive | God or Jesus's name | anger | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent name=Theme in anger=Manner | ||||
| 3 | bend | past | people | the words | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent word=Material | ||||
| 4 | become | past | God | gosh property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | become | past | Jesus | gee | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 6 | become | past | Christ | crikey and cripes | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 7 | name | God or Jesus | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:037-bats-and-gosh.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/37-bats-and-gosh/4/