Soft words for hard things: rudeness and swearing, sentence 15
"Son of a gun" is an American soft form of a much ruder insult; it can show annoyance or even friendly surprise.
Who acts: Son, insult · What happens: be, show · To what, where: American soft form, annoyance
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: rudeness and swearing» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Son, insult), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Son | punct |
| 2 | Son | Son | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 form | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 gun | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 gun | det |
| 5 | gun | gun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Son | nmod |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Son | punct |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 form | cop |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 form | det |
| 9 | American | American | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 form | amod |
| 10 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 form | amod |
| 11 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 insult | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 insult | det |
| 14 | much | much | ADV | Degree=Pos | 15 ruder | advmod |
| 15 | ruder | ruder | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 16 insult | amod |
| 16 | insult | insult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 form | nmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 show | punct |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 show | nsubj |
| 19 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 show | aux |
| 20 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 form | parataxis |
| 21 | annoyance | annoyance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 show | obj |
| 22 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 surprise | cc |
| 23 | even | even | ADV | _ | 25 surprise | advmod |
| 24 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 surprise | amod |
| 25 | surprise | surprise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 annoyance | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 form | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Son of a gun | a American soft form | of a ruder insult | tree rules | |||
| 2 | show | can | insult | annoyance or friendly surprise | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent annoyance=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:038-drat-and-the-f-word.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/38-drat-and-the-f-word/15/