Soft words for hard things: rudeness and swearing, sentence 16
"A four-letter word" means a swear word, because many English swear words have four letters.
Who acts: letter word, many English swear words · What happens: mean, have · To what, where: swear word, four letters
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: rudeness and swearing» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (letter word, many English swear words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 word | punct |
| 2 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 word | det |
| 3 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 letter | nummod |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 3 four | punct |
| 5 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 word | compound |
| 6 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 means | nsubj |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 word | punct |
| 8 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 word | det |
| 10 | swear | swear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 word | compound |
| 11 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 means | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 have | punct |
| 13 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 18 have | mark |
| 14 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 words | amod |
| 15 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 words | amod |
| 16 | swear | swear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 words | compound |
| 17 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 have | nsubj |
| 18 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 means | advcl |
| 19 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 letters | nummod |
| 20 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 have | obj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | a letter word | a swear word | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic | ||||
| 2 | have | present | many English swear words | four letters | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:039-pardon-my-french.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/39-pardon-my-french/16/