Soft words for hard things: illness, disability and the body, sentence 0
People use euphemisms about the body and illness to be polite, to protect someone's feelings, or because a subject felt embarrassing.
Who acts: People, subject · What happens: use, be, protect, feel · To what, where: euphemisms, feelings
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: illness, disability and the body» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, subject), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | People | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 use | nsubj |
| 2 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | euphemisms | euphemism | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 use | obj |
| 4 | about | about | ADP | _ | 6 body | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 body | det |
| 6 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 euphemisms | nmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 illness | cc |
| 8 | illness | illness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 body | conj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 polite | mark |
| 10 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 11 polite | cop |
| 11 | polite | polite | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 use | advcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 protect | punct |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 protect | mark |
| 14 | protect | protect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 polite | conj |
| 15 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 17 feelings | nmod:poss |
| 16 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 15 someone | case |
| 17 | feelings | feeling | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 protect | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 felt | punct |
| 19 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 23 felt | cc |
| 20 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 23 felt | mark |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 subject | det |
| 22 | subject | subject | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 felt | nsubj |
| 23 | felt | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 use | conj |
| 24 | embarrassing | embarrassing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 felt | xcomp |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 use | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | People | euphemisms | about the body and illness | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent euphemism=Patient | |||
| 2 | is | to-infinitive | People not said here | polite property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | protect | to-infinitive | People not said here | someone's feelings | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeling=Beneficiary | ||||
| 4 | feel | past | a subject | embarrassing property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:004-illness-disability-and-babies.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/4-illness-disability-and-babies/0/