Soft words for hard things: illness, disability and the body, sentence 0
Some illnesses used to be a secret or a shame, so people invented soft words to talk about them quietly: drinking too much, illness of the mind, and growths that might be cancer.
Who acts: illnesses, people, growths · What happens: use, be, invent, talk, drink · To what, where: secret, soft words, much, cancer
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: illness, disability and the body» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (illnesses, people, growths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 illnesses | det |
| 2 | illnesses | illness | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 used | nsubj |
| 3 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 secret | mark |
| 5 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 secret | cop |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 secret | det |
| 7 | secret | secret | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 used | xcomp |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 shame | cc |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 shame | det |
| 10 | shame | shame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 secret | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 invented | punct |
| 12 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 invented | advmod |
| 13 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 invented | nsubj |
| 14 | invented | invent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 used | conj |
| 15 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 words | amod |
| 16 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 invented | obj |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 talk | mark |
| 18 | talk | talk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 invented | advcl |
| 19 | about | about | ADP | _ | 20 them | case |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 talk | obl |
| 21 | quietly | quietly | ADV | _ | 18 talk | advmod |
| 22 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 drinking | punct |
| 23 | drinking | drink | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 used | advcl |
| 24 | too | too | ADV | _ | 25 much | advmod |
| 25 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 drinking | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 illness | punct |
| 27 | illness | illness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 drinking | conj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 mind | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 mind | det |
| 30 | mind | mind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 illness | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 growths | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 growths | cc |
| 33 | growths | growth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 used | parataxis |
| 34 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 cancer | nsubj |
| 35 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 cancer | aux |
| 36 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 37 cancer | cop |
| 37 | cancer | cancer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 growths | acl:relcl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 used | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | past | some illnesses | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is a | to-infinitive | some illnesses not said here | a secret or a shame | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | invent | past | people | soft words | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Result | ||||
| 4 | talk | to-infinitive | people not said here | about people; quietly property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about they=Topic | ||||
| 5 | drink | gerund | some illnesses not said here | much | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Patient | ||||
| 6 | is a | might | growths | cancer | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:005-drink-mind-and-body.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/5-drink-mind-and-body/0/