Soft words for hard things: the toilet and bodily functions, sentence 4

Knowing these words helps you understand what is really happening — for example that a friend "had an accident" does not mean a car crash.

Who acts: Knowing, you, friend · What happens: know, help, understand, happen, have, not mean · To what, where: words, accident, car crash · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: the toilet and bodily functions» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Knowing, you, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Knowing	know	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 helps	csubj
2	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	3 words	det
3	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Knowing	obj
4	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 understand	nsubj
6	understand	understand	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 helps	xcomp
7	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 happening	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 happening	aux
9	really	really	ADV	_	10 happening	advmod
10	happening	happen	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 understand	ccomp
11	—	-	PUNCT	_	13 example	punct
12	for	for	ADP	_	13 example	case
13	example	example	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 understand	parataxis
14	that	that	SCONJ	_	18 had	mark
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 friend	det
16	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 had	nsubj
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 had	punct
18	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 mean	csubj
19	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 accident	det
20	accident	accident	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 had	obj
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 had	punct
22	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 mean	aux
23	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	24 mean	advmod
24	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 helps	parataxis
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 crash	det
26	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 crash	compound
27	crash	crash	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 mean	obj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 helps	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	know	gerund		this words	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus
2	help	present	Knowing		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	understand	infinitive	you		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
4	happen	present · progressive			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	have in a quote	past	a friend	a accident	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent accident=Patient
6	not mean	present · do-support		a car crash	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crash=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:007-wind-sick-and-runs.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/7-wind-sick-and-runs/4/